How to Get a Marriage License in Virginia

Getting a marriage license in Virginia is a straightforward legal process that marks the official beginning of your marital journey. Whether you’re a resident planning a local ceremony or an out-of-state couple choosing Virginia for its scenic venues and streamlined procedures, understanding the requirements, documentation, and timelines is essential. A marriage license is not just a formality—it’s a legal document that validates your union under state law and enables your officiant to legally solemnize your marriage. Without it, your wedding ceremony has no legal standing, regardless of how meaningful or elaborate it may be.

Virginia’s marriage license process is designed to be accessible, efficient, and transparent. Unlike some states with lengthy waiting periods or residency requirements, Virginia allows couples to apply for and receive their license on the same day, with no mandatory waiting period after issuance. The license is valid for 60 days from the date of issuance and can be used anywhere within the Commonwealth. This flexibility makes Virginia an attractive destination for couples seeking a quick, stress-free path to legal marriage.

This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step walkthrough of how to obtain a marriage license in Virginia. From gathering the necessary documents to submitting your application, understanding fees, and ensuring compliance with state regulations, every detail is covered. You’ll also learn best practices to avoid common pitfalls, discover helpful tools and resources, see real-world examples from couples who’ve navigated the process, and find answers to frequently asked questions. Whether you’re planning a courthouse wedding, a beachside ceremony in Virginia Beach, or a historic venue in Williamsburg, this guide ensures you’re fully prepared to move forward with confidence.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Determine Eligibility

Before beginning the application process, both parties must meet Virginia’s legal requirements for marriage. These are non-negotiable and apply to all couples, regardless of residency status.

First, both individuals must be at least 18 years of age. Minors under 18 are not permitted to marry under any circumstances, even with parental consent. This is a strict state law, with no exceptions.

Second, neither party can be currently married to someone else. If either person has been previously married, they must provide proof that the prior marriage has been legally dissolved through divorce, annulment, or death. This includes presenting a certified copy of the divorce decree or death certificate. Incomplete or unofficial documents will result in denial of the license.

Third, couples must not be closely related by blood. Virginia law prohibits marriage between ancestors and descendants, siblings (including half-siblings), and between aunts/uncles and nieces/nephews. First cousins are permitted to marry, which distinguishes Virginia from some neighboring states.

Finally, both individuals must be mentally competent and able to provide informed consent. If either party is under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of application, the clerk may refuse to issue the license.

Step 2: Choose a County Clerk’s Office

Marriage licenses in Virginia are issued by the Clerk of the Circuit Court in any county or city. You are not required to apply in the county where you reside—you may apply in any jurisdiction within the state. This is especially useful for couples planning to marry in a specific location, such as a historic courthouse, winery, or park, as it allows you to obtain your license from the clerk’s office nearest to your ceremony site.

Each county clerk’s office operates independently, so hours, appointment policies, and document processing times may vary. Before visiting, check the official website of the county where you plan to apply. For example, Fairfax County’s Clerk of Court offers online appointment scheduling, while Richmond City allows walk-ins during business hours. Most offices are open Monday through Friday, typically from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., though some may close for lunch between 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m.

It’s advisable to avoid applying on Fridays or just before holidays, as these are peak times. If you’re planning a weekend wedding, apply at least two days in advance to ensure you have your license well before the ceremony.

Step 3: Gather Required Documents

Both parties must appear together in person at the clerk’s office. You cannot apply by mail, online, or through a representative. Each person must bring valid, government-issued photo identification. Acceptable forms include:

• Driver’s license
• State-issued ID card
• Passport
• Military ID

If your identification is expired, you may still be accepted if it was issued within the past 12 months and you can provide additional proof of identity, such as a birth certificate or Social Security card. However, it’s strongly recommended to use current documents to avoid delays.

If either party has been previously married, bring the original or certified copy of the divorce decree, annulment document, or death certificate. Photocopies are not accepted. If the document is in a language other than English, a certified translation must accompany it.

Non-U.S. citizens must provide a valid passport and, if applicable, a visa or immigration document. If the passport is not in English, a certified translation is required. Some clerks may request additional documentation, such as a birth certificate from the home country, so it’s wise to call ahead.

There is no requirement to provide proof of residency in Virginia. Out-of-state and international couples are welcome to apply.

Step 4: Complete the Application Form

At the clerk’s office, you will be provided with a marriage license application form. This form collects personal information including full legal names, dates of birth, places of birth, Social Security numbers (if applicable), parents’ full names and birthplaces, and previous marital status.

It is critical to fill out the form accurately. Typos in names, misspelled cities, or incorrect dates can delay or invalidate your license. If you’re unsure about any entry, ask the clerk for assistance. Many offices provide sample forms online in advance—reviewing them beforehand can help you prepare.

Both parties must sign the application in the presence of the clerk. No notary public or witness is required for this step. The clerk will verify your identities and review your documents before processing the application.

Step 5: Pay the Fee

The fee for a marriage license in Virginia is $30, payable at the time of application. Most clerk’s offices accept cash, credit cards (Visa, Mastercard, Discover), and debit cards. Some may also accept money orders or certified checks. Personal checks are generally not accepted.

There are no additional hidden fees. The $30 covers the issuance of the license, one certified copy (which you’ll need for name changes and other legal purposes), and recordkeeping. If you need additional certified copies later, each will cost $2.50.

Some counties may offer discounts for pre-marital counseling. For example, if you complete a state-approved pre-marital education course, you may qualify for a $10 reduction in the license fee. Ask the clerk if this option is available and what documentation is required to claim it.

Step 6: Receive Your License

Once your application is approved and payment is processed, you will receive your marriage license immediately. The license includes:

• Names of both parties
• Date of issuance
• Expiration date (60 days from issuance)
• County of issuance
• Signature of the clerk
• Unique license number

There are no blood tests, waiting periods, or mandatory counseling requirements in Virginia. You can legally marry as soon as you receive your license—even the same day.

The license will be printed on official security paper with watermarks and a seal. Keep it in a safe, dry place. Do not fold, staple, or laminate it. If the license is damaged, you may need to obtain a replacement, which requires a formal request and additional fee.

Step 7: Complete the Ceremony

Virginia recognizes several types of officiants who can legally perform marriages:

• Ordained ministers, priests, rabbis, or other religious leaders
• Current or retired judges (federal or state)
• Justices of the peace
• County clerks (in some jurisdictions, they can officiate if requested)

It is not necessary for the officiant to be registered with the state in advance. However, they must be legally authorized under Virginia law. Many couples choose to have a friend or family member ordained online through a non-denominational ministry such as the Universal Life Church or American Marriage Ministries. These ordinations are legally recognized in Virginia, provided the officiant completes the necessary paperwork with the clerk’s office after the ceremony.

At least two witnesses, aged 18 or older, must be present during the ceremony. They do not need to be residents of Virginia, and they do not need to be related to either party. The witnesses must sign the license after the ceremony.

The ceremony itself can be as formal or informal as you wish. There is no required script, vow format, or length. The only legal requirement is that both parties declare their intent to marry in the presence of the officiant and witnesses.

Step 8: Return the Signed License

After the ceremony, the officiant is responsible for returning the signed marriage license to the clerk’s office where it was issued. This must be done within 10 days of the ceremony. The officiant may mail it, deliver it in person, or submit it electronically if the county accepts digital filings.

If the license is not returned within 10 days, the marriage may not be officially recorded, which can cause complications with legal name changes, Social Security updates, insurance benefits, and immigration paperwork.

As the couple, you should confirm with your officiant that they understand this responsibility. If you’re unsure, contact the clerk’s office to verify receipt. Many offices provide a tracking number or online portal where you can check the status of your license after submission.

Step 9: Obtain Your Certified Marriage Certificate

Once the signed license is filed and recorded, the clerk’s office will issue a certified marriage certificate. This is the official document you’ll need for changing your name, updating your Social Security record, applying for spousal benefits, or filing joint taxes.

You will receive one certified copy free of charge with your license. Additional copies cost $2.50 each. You can request them in person, by mail, or online through the Virginia Department of Health’s Office of Vital Records.

Processing time for additional copies is typically 5–10 business days. Expedited service is not available through the clerk’s office, but the state’s online portal offers faster turnaround for urgent requests.

Keep multiple certified copies on hand. You’ll need them for your bank, employer, DMV, passport office, and any other institution requiring proof of your marital status.

Best Practices

Apply Early in the Week

To avoid long wait times and potential closures due to holidays or staff shortages, apply for your license on a Tuesday or Wednesday. These days tend to be the least busy. Avoid Mondays (after a weekend) and Fridays (before the weekend), as these are often the most crowded.

Double-Check All Names and Dates

Every name on the license must match your government-issued ID exactly. If your driver’s license lists a middle initial but your birth certificate doesn’t, use the version on your ID. If you’ve legally changed your name before, ensure your documents reflect that change. Inconsistencies can cause delays or require you to reapply.

Bring Extra Copies of Divorce or Death Documents

Even if you’ve submitted the original, bring one photocopy for your records. Clerks may need to make a copy for their files, and having a backup prevents delays if your original is misplaced.

Confirm Officiant and Witness Availability

Don’t assume your officiant knows the legal requirements. Confirm in writing that they understand they must return the license within 10 days. Similarly, ensure your witnesses are available on the day of the ceremony and understand they must sign the license in front of the officiant.

Plan for Weather and Venue Logistics

If you’re having an outdoor wedding, have a backup plan. Rain, wind, or extreme heat can disrupt ceremonies and damage your license. Keep the license in a protective sleeve or waterproof folder. Some couples laminate a photocopy for their own records but never the original.

Save All Receipts and Confirmation Numbers

Keep your payment receipt, clerk’s name, and application reference number. If you need to follow up on your license status or request additional copies later, this information will be essential.

Consider a Pre-Marital Counseling Discount

Many couples overlook the $10 fee reduction available for completing a state-approved pre-marital education course. These courses are often offered online for under $20 and cover communication, conflict resolution, and financial planning. The certificate of completion is valid for one year. It’s a small investment with tangible savings.

Don’t Wait Until the Last Minute

While you can get your license the same day, don’t wait until the day before your wedding. Clerk’s offices may have limited hours, unexpected closures, or staffing shortages. Aim to apply at least 3–5 days in advance to allow time for any unforeseen issues.

Tools and Resources

Virginia Department of Health – Office of Vital Records

The official source for certified marriage certificates and vital records is the Virginia Department of Health’s Office of Vital Records. Here you can order additional certified copies, check processing times, download forms, and view FAQs. The site is updated regularly and provides downloadable PDFs of application forms and instructions.

County Clerk Websites

Each county clerk’s office maintains its own website with specific information on hours, fees, appointment systems, and document requirements. Here are a few examples:

• Fairfax County Clerk of Court
• City of Richmond Clerk’s Office
• Albemarle County Clerk
• City of Norfolk Clerk’s Office

These sites often include downloadable application templates, maps to the office, and contact information for questions.

Online Ordination Services

If you plan to have a friend or family member officiate, these services offer free or low-cost ordination recognized in Virginia:

• Universal Life Church
• American Marriage Ministries
• The Ministry

After ordination, print your certificate and provide it to the clerk’s office. Some offices may require you to submit a copy in advance.

Marriage License Checklists

Several third-party wedding planning sites offer printable checklists that include Virginia-specific requirements. These can be helpful for couples managing multiple tasks:

• The Knot – Virginia Marriage License Checklist
• WeddingWire – Virginia Wedding Guide

These tools help ensure you don’t overlook critical steps like witness coordination or license return deadlines.

Mobile Apps for Document Storage

Use apps like Google Drive, Dropbox, or Evernote to scan and store digital copies of your license, ID, divorce decree, and officiant certificate. This ensures you have backups if the original is lost or damaged. Label files clearly: “Virginia_Marriage_License_2024” or “Divorce_Decree_JaneDoe.”

Real Examples

Example 1: Out-of-State Couple in Charlottesville

Jamal and Priya live in New York but chose Charlottesville for their wedding because of its historic downtown and scenic Blue Ridge views. They applied for their license at the Albemarle County Clerk’s Office on a Tuesday morning. They brought their passports, certified divorce decrees (from prior marriages), and a printed certificate of online ordination for their friend who would officiate. They paid $30, received their license within 20 minutes, and married the next day at a vineyard. Their officiant mailed the signed license back to the clerk’s office on Day 7. They received their certified marriage certificate by mail in 8 business days.

Example 2: Military Couple in Norfolk

Sergeant Reyes and Officer Tran, both active-duty U.S. Navy personnel stationed in Norfolk, wanted to marry before their next deployment. They applied at the Norfolk Clerk’s Office with their military IDs and birth certificates. Since they were both U.S. citizens, no additional documentation was needed. They applied at 10 a.m., received their license by 10:45 a.m., and held a simple ceremony at the Norfolk Courthouse at noon. Two fellow service members served as witnesses. The license was returned the same day via the base legal office. Their certified certificate arrived in their mailbox two weeks later.

Example 3: International Couple in Richmond

Lucas from Canada and Sofia from Colombia planned to marry in Richmond. Lucas brought his Canadian passport and birth certificate. Sofia presented her Colombian passport, a certified English translation of her birth certificate, and her divorce decree from a previous marriage in Bogotá, which was also translated. They applied at the Richmond Clerk’s Office and were asked to provide a letter from the Colombian consulate verifying the authenticity of the divorce decree. After submitting the letter, they received their license the same day. Their ceremony was held at a historic church in the Fan District, and their officiant returned the license within 5 days. The entire process took less than three hours.

FAQs

Can I get a marriage license in Virginia if I’m not a resident?

Yes. Virginia does not require either party to be a resident. Out-of-state and international couples can apply in any county or city clerk’s office.

Do I need a blood test or physical exam?

No. Virginia abolished the requirement for blood tests in 1986. No medical exams are needed.

How long is the marriage license valid?

The license is valid for 60 days from the date of issuance. The ceremony must take place within that window.

Can I get married the same day I apply for the license?

Yes. There is no waiting period in Virginia. You can apply in the morning and marry in the afternoon.

What if I lose my marriage license?

If the original license is lost before the ceremony, you must return to the clerk’s office where it was issued and request a replacement. A fee may apply. If lost after the ceremony but before filing, contact the clerk immediately to determine next steps.

Can I use a marriage license from one county in another county?

Yes. A Virginia marriage license is valid anywhere in the state. You can apply in Fairfax and marry in Roanoke without issue.

Do I need witnesses?

Yes. Two witnesses, age 18 or older, must be present during the ceremony and sign the license.

Can I change my name on my license?

You can indicate your desired name change on the application form, but the license itself will reflect your current legal names. Your certified marriage certificate is the document you’ll use to legally change your name with the DMV, Social Security, and other agencies.

What if one person can’t appear in person?

Both parties must appear together in person. No exceptions are made for illness, travel, or military deployment. If one person cannot attend, the marriage cannot proceed until both are present.

Can I get married by proxy?

No. Virginia does not permit proxy marriages. Both parties must be physically present.

How do I get a copy of my marriage certificate after the ceremony?

You receive one certified copy free with your license. Additional copies can be ordered from the Virginia Department of Health’s Office of Vital Records for $2.50 each.

Is same-sex marriage legal in Virginia?

Yes. Same-sex marriage has been legal in Virginia since 2014, following federal court rulings. All rights and procedures are identical to opposite-sex marriages.

Do I need to make an appointment?

Some counties require appointments, especially during peak wedding seasons. Others accept walk-ins. Check your chosen county’s website in advance.

Can I get married on a Sunday or holiday?

You can have your ceremony on any day, but the clerk’s office is closed on weekends and most holidays. You must obtain your license during regular business hours on a weekday.

Conclusion

Obtaining a marriage license in Virginia is one of the most straightforward legal processes a couple will encounter when planning their wedding. With no waiting period, no residency requirement, and no medical tests, the state prioritizes accessibility and efficiency. By following the steps outlined in this guide—from verifying eligibility and gathering documents to returning the signed license—you ensure your marriage is legally recognized and your future rights are protected.

Remember: accuracy matters. Double-check every name, date, and document. Communicate clearly with your officiant and witnesses. Plan ahead to avoid last-minute stress. And don’t underestimate the value of keeping digital and physical backups of your license and certificate.

Whether you’re exchanging vows in a quiet courthouse, under the trees of Shenandoah National Park, or beside the Atlantic Ocean, your marriage license is the foundation of your legal union. With the right preparation, you’ll not only meet Virginia’s requirements—you’ll begin your life together with confidence, clarity, and peace of mind.

Now that you know how to get a marriage license in Virginia, you’re ready to take the next step—celebrating your love in a way that’s uniquely yours, legally sound, and beautifully remembered.