How to Get a Fishing License in Virginia

Fishing is one of Virginia’s most cherished outdoor traditions, offering residents and visitors alike the chance to connect with nature, enjoy peaceful solitude, or bond with family and friends over a shared passion. Whether you’re casting a line into the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay, angling for trout in the Blue Ridge Mountains, or reeling in bass from a quiet inland lake, having the proper fishing license is not just a legal requirement—it’s a vital part of conservation and sustainable resource management.

In Virginia, fishing licenses are issued by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) and are required for anyone 16 years of age or older who wishes to fish in public waters. The license system funds critical conservation efforts, habitat restoration, fish stocking programs, and public access improvements. Without license revenue, many of Virginia’s most popular fishing destinations would suffer from underfunding, leading to degraded ecosystems and diminished fishing opportunities.

This comprehensive guide walks you through every step of obtaining a fishing license in Virginia, from understanding the different license types to navigating the purchase process, avoiding common mistakes, and maximizing your fishing experience legally and responsibly. Whether you’re a first-time angler or a seasoned veteran unfamiliar with recent regulatory changes, this tutorial ensures you’re fully informed and prepared.

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Determine Your Residency Status

Before purchasing a license, you must confirm whether you qualify as a Virginia resident or non-resident. This distinction directly impacts pricing and eligibility for certain license types.

Virginia defines a resident as someone who has lived in the state for at least 30 consecutive days immediately preceding the date of purchase. Proof of residency may include a Virginia driver’s license, state ID, utility bill, lease agreement, or tax return showing a Virginia address. Non-residents are individuals who do not meet this criterion, regardless of citizenship or home state.

Resident licenses are significantly less expensive than non-resident licenses. For example, a resident annual freshwater license costs $23, while the non-resident equivalent is $47. Always ensure your documentation is accurate to avoid paying higher fees or facing penalties for misrepresentation.

2. Identify the Type of License You Need

Virginia offers multiple license categories based on the type of water you plan to fish in, the duration of your activity, and your age or status. Understanding these categories ensures you purchase the correct license and avoid fines.

Resident and Non-Resident Freshwater Fishing License – Required for fishing in inland waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. This license does not cover saltwater fishing.

Resident and Non-Resident Saltwater Fishing License – Required for fishing in tidal waters, including the Chesapeake Bay, its tributaries, and the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Note: This license does not cover freshwater fishing.

Resident and Non-Resident Combined Freshwater and Saltwater Fishing License – The most comprehensive option for anglers who fish in both environments. This is ideal for those who travel between inland and coastal areas or live near the tidal boundary.

One-Day and Short-Term Licenses – Available for both residents and non-residents, these are perfect for tourists, weekend anglers, or those trying fishing for the first time. A one-day freshwater license costs $8 for residents and $23 for non-residents. One-day saltwater licenses are $8 for all anglers.

Senior Licenses – Virginia residents aged 65 and older may qualify for a discounted lifetime freshwater or saltwater license. The lifetime freshwater license for seniors costs $10, and the lifetime saltwater license costs $15. These are non-transferable and require proof of age and residency.

Disabled Veterans and Active Duty Military – Virginia offers free or discounted licenses to qualifying disabled veterans and active-duty military personnel stationed in the state. Documentation such as a VA disability rating letter or military ID is required.

Children Under 16 – No license is required for anglers under the age of 16, regardless of residency. However, they must still follow all fishing regulations, including size and creel limits.

3. Choose Your Purchase Method

Virginia provides multiple convenient ways to purchase a fishing license, each with its own advantages.

Online Purchase via the DWR Website – The most efficient and recommended method. Visit the official Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources website at www.dwr.virginia.gov. Navigate to the “Licenses” section, select “Buy a License,” and follow the prompts. You’ll need your name, date of birth, address, and payment method (credit/debit card). Upon completion, you’ll receive an immediate digital license via email and can print it or store it on your mobile device.

Mobile App Purchase – The Virginia DWR app (available for iOS and Android) allows you to buy, store, and display your license directly on your smartphone. This is especially useful for anglers who prefer digital documentation and want to avoid carrying physical copies. The app also includes real-time regulation updates and species-specific rules.

In-Person at Authorized Vendors – Over 700 licensed agents across Virginia sell fishing licenses, including sporting goods stores, bait shops, Walmart, and some grocery stores. Bring a valid photo ID and payment. You’ll receive a paper license immediately. This method is ideal for those without reliable internet access or who prefer face-to-face service.

By Phone – You can purchase a license by calling the DWR’s automated phone system at 866-721-6911. Payment is processed via credit or debit card. After purchase, you’ll receive an email with your license. Note: This method does not offer immediate printed documentation unless you print it yourself.

4. Provide Required Information

Regardless of the purchase method, you’ll need to supply accurate personal information. This includes:

• Full legal name
• Date of birth
• Residential address
• Driver’s license number or state ID number (for verification)
• Emergency contact information (optional but recommended)

If you’re purchasing a senior, veteran, or disabled license, you must upload or present supporting documentation. For example, a veteran must provide a copy of their VA disability letter or DD-214 form. Always keep digital or physical copies of supporting documents in case of inspection.

5. Receive and Store Your License

Once purchased, your license is immediately valid. You must have proof of licensure while fishing. Acceptable forms include:

• A printed copy of the license
• A digital copy displayed on a smartphone or tablet
• The DWR mobile app license display

Photocopies, screenshots of emails, or handwritten notes are not valid. The license must be clearly legible and contain your name, license number, and expiration date. Always ensure your device is charged and accessible when fishing, especially in remote areas where cell service may be limited.

6. Understand License Validity and Renewal

Fishing licenses in Virginia are valid for one calendar year, from January 1 through December 31. The exception is short-term licenses (one-day, three-day, etc.), which expire after the specified number of days from the date of purchase.

Renewals can be processed at any time, even before your current license expires. If you renew early, your new license will begin on January 1 of the following year. For example, if you renew in October 2024, your new license will be valid from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025. There is no penalty for early renewal, and it ensures continuous coverage without interruption.

Automatic renewal is not offered. You must initiate each renewal manually. Setting a calendar reminder for late November is a helpful best practice to avoid lapses in coverage.

7. Register for the Saltwater Angler Registry (If Applicable)

In addition to a saltwater fishing license, all anglers 16 and older fishing in Virginia’s tidal waters must also register with the Virginia Saltwater Angler Registry. This is a free, separate requirement from the saltwater license and is mandated by federal law under the Marine Fisheries Information Program.

Registration is completed online at the DWR website. You’ll provide your name, address, and fishing license number. Upon completion, you’ll receive a confirmation number, which you must carry with you while fishing in saltwater. The registry helps the state collect data on fishing effort and catch rates to manage fish populations sustainably.

Failure to register, even if you have a saltwater license, can result in a citation. Registration is valid for the calendar year and must be renewed annually.

Best Practices

Always Carry Your License

Virginia wildlife officers conduct routine inspections on rivers, lakes, and shorelines. Failure to produce a valid license upon request can result in fines ranging from $25 to $250, depending on the circumstances. Even if you’re fishing with a guide or on a charter, you are still personally responsible for having your own license. Never assume someone else’s license covers you.

Know the Regulations for Your Target Species

Having a license does not grant unlimited fishing rights. Virginia enforces specific regulations for each species, including minimum size limits, daily creel limits, and seasonal closures. For example, the minimum size for striped bass in tidal waters is 18 inches, and the daily limit is one fish per person during certain seasons. These rules are designed to protect spawning populations and ensure long-term sustainability.

Before heading out, review the current Virginia Freshwater and Saltwater Fishing Regulations Summary, available on the DWR website. Regulations can change annually based on fish population data and environmental conditions.

Use the DWR Mobile App for Real-Time Updates

The official DWR app not only stores your license but also provides real-time alerts for regulation changes, seasonal closures, and water condition updates. For instance, if a river is temporarily closed due to a fish kill or pollution event, you’ll receive a push notification. This feature helps you avoid unintentional violations and plan your trips more effectively.

Teach Responsible Angling Practices

Whether you’re fishing with children or mentoring a new angler, emphasize catch-and-release techniques, proper fish handling, and minimizing environmental impact. Use barbless hooks when possible, wet your hands before touching fish, and avoid using lead sinkers in sensitive areas. These practices contribute to healthier fisheries and set a positive example for future generations.

Report Illegal Activity

If you observe someone fishing without a license, exceeding creel limits, or using illegal gear (such as gill nets or bowfishing equipment in restricted waters), report it to the DWR. You can do so anonymously via the DWR website or through the “Report a Violation” feature in the mobile app. These reports help enforce conservation laws and protect fair access for all anglers.

Plan for Weather and Water Conditions

Virginia’s diverse geography means weather and water levels can change rapidly. Check forecasts and river gauges before heading out. High water levels after heavy rain can make fishing dangerous or inaccessible. Low water levels may concentrate fish in smaller areas, making them more vulnerable to overfishing. Planning ahead ensures safety and improves your chances of success.

Keep a Backup Copy

Even if you use the mobile app, keep a printed copy of your license in your vehicle or fishing bag. Batteries die, phones get lost, and water damage can render digital copies unusable. A physical backup ensures you’re never caught without proof of licensure.

Tools and Resources

Official Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) Website

www.dwr.virginia.gov is the primary hub for all licensing, regulation, and conservation information. The site includes:

• Online license purchase portal
• Interactive fishing regulations map
• Species-specific size and creel limits
• Seasonal closure notices
• License history and renewal reminders

The site is optimized for mobile use and updated in real time, making it the most reliable source for accurate information.

DWR Mobile Application

Available for free on the Apple App Store and Google Play Store, the DWR app offers a comprehensive suite of tools for anglers:

• Store and display your license digitally
• Access regulations by species and location
• Receive push notifications for rule changes
• Find nearby public access points and boat ramps
• Report catches and violations

The app’s “Find a Fishing Spot” feature uses GPS to locate public fishing areas, piers, and boat launches near your current location—ideal for travelers or those exploring new waters.

Fishing Regulations Summary (Printable PDF)

Each year, the DWR publishes a comprehensive Fishing Regulations Summary, available as a downloadable PDF. This document includes:

• License fees and types
• Size and bag limits for freshwater and saltwater species
• Seasonal openings and closures
• Prohibited gear and methods
• Special regulations for specific water bodies

Print a copy and keep it in your tackle box. It’s an essential reference for avoiding violations and understanding local nuances.

Virginia Fish Stocking Schedule

The DWR regularly stocks over 150 public waters with trout, bass, catfish, and other species. The annual stocking schedule is published in January and updated monthly. It identifies which lakes and streams will receive fish, the species, and the estimated dates.

Anglers can use this schedule to time their trips for optimal fishing conditions. For example, trout stocking typically occurs in early spring and fall in mountain streams, making those periods prime times for fly fishing enthusiasts.

Public Access and Boat Ramp Locator

Virginia maintains hundreds of public fishing access points, many with free parking, restrooms, and fishing piers. The DWR’s interactive map shows locations across all 135 counties and independent cities. This tool is invaluable for urban anglers seeking nearby spots or visitors unfamiliar with local geography.

Virginia’s Fishing Education Programs

The DWR offers free, hands-on fishing clinics for beginners of all ages. These programs cover licensing basics, knot tying, casting techniques, and conservation ethics. Registration is available through the DWR website. Participating in these clinics not only improves your skills but also reinforces the importance of legal and ethical angling.

Third-Party Tools and Community Resources

While not official, several reputable third-party platforms enhance the fishing experience:

• FishAngler – A crowd-sourced app that shares real-time catch reports, water temperatures, and bait recommendations.
• NOAA Tides & Currents – Essential for saltwater anglers planning trips around tidal cycles.
• Virginia Fishing Forums – Online communities like VirginiaAngler.com offer local tips, gear advice, and seasonal updates from experienced anglers.

Use these tools to supplement, but never replace, official DWR information.

Real Examples

Example 1: A Family Trip to Smith Mountain Lake

John and Lisa, Virginia residents, plan a weekend fishing trip to Smith Mountain Lake with their two children, ages 10 and 13. They want to catch bass and catfish.

Since both children are under 16, they don’t need licenses. John and Lisa each purchase an annual freshwater fishing license online through the DWR website. They download the DWR app and save their licenses. They also review the current regulations for bass size limits (15 inches minimum) and daily creel limits (five per person).

On the day of the trip, they arrive at a public boat ramp, launch their kayak, and fish from dawn until midday. John catches a 22-inch largemouth bass, which he measures with a ruler and releases. Lisa catches three catfish within the legal limit. They use the app to confirm they’re within all regulations and report their catch using the app’s log feature.

By following the correct procedures, they avoid any legal issues and enjoy a safe, educational outing that reinforces conservation values.

Example 2: A Non-Resident Tourist Fishing the Chesapeake Bay

Mark, a resident of Maryland, visits Virginia for a week and plans to fish from the shore near Cape Charles. He wants to catch striped bass and bluefish.

Mark purchases a one-day saltwater fishing license online through the DWR website. He also registers for the Virginia Saltwater Angler Registry, which is free and takes less than five minutes. He saves the confirmation email on his phone and prints a copy to keep in his wallet.

While fishing, he checks the DWR app for current size limits: striped bass must be at least 18 inches, and he can keep only one per day. He measures his catch and releases a smaller fish. He also notices a notice on the app about a temporary closure in the lower bay due to a red tide event—he avoids that area entirely.

By taking the time to understand the rules and using digital tools, Mark enjoys a successful, lawful fishing experience without any citations or confusion.

Example 3: A Senior Angler in Roanoke

Barbara, a 72-year-old Virginia resident, has fished the Roanoke River for over 50 years. She recently learned about the discounted lifetime senior license.

She gathers her Virginia driver’s license and Social Security card to prove age and residency, then visits the DWR website to apply for the $10 lifetime freshwater license. She receives confirmation via email within minutes and downloads the license to her phone.

Barbara now enjoys fishing without annual renewal hassles. She also participates in DWR’s senior fishing clinic, where she teaches other seniors about catch-and-release and how to use the mobile app. Her lifelong commitment to responsible angling has made her a respected member of her local fishing community.

FAQs

Do I need a license to fish on private property in Virginia?

No, you do not need a fishing license to fish in private ponds or lakes that are entirely enclosed on private land and have no public access or connection to state waters. However, if the waterbody is connected to a public stream or is stocked by the DWR, a license is required. Always confirm ownership and water connectivity before fishing.

Can I use my Virginia license to fish in neighboring states?

No. Virginia licenses are not valid in other states. Each state has its own licensing system. However, Virginia has reciprocal agreements with North Carolina and Maryland for certain saltwater fishing areas along the border. Check the DWR website for current reciprocity details before fishing in adjacent waters.

What if I lose my fishing license?

If you purchased your license online or via the app, you can log in to your DWR account and reprint it. If you bought it in person, contact the DWR directly through their website to request a replacement. There is no fee for replacing a lost license if you have proof of purchase.

Is there a discount for veterans or active military?

Yes. Virginia residents who are honorably discharged veterans with a 100% service-connected disability may receive a free lifetime freshwater or saltwater license. Active-duty military stationed in Virginia may purchase a resident license at resident rates with proper ID. Documentation is required.

Can I buy a license for someone else?

Yes. You may purchase a license for another person using their personal information. However, the license must be issued in the angler’s name, and they must carry proof of it while fishing. You cannot fish under someone else’s license.

Do I need a license to fish from a pier or jetty?

Yes. If you’re fishing in public tidal waters from a pier, jetty, or shoreline, you need a saltwater fishing license and must be registered in the Saltwater Angler Registry. This applies regardless of whether you’re fishing from land or a structure.

What happens if I fish without a license?

Fishing without a license is a Class 3 misdemeanor in Virginia. Penalties include fines of $25 to $250, and the court may also confiscate fishing equipment. Repeat offenses carry higher penalties. Always ensure you’re licensed before casting a line.

Can I use a Virginia license for crabbing or clamming?

No. Fishing licenses do not cover shellfish harvesting. Crabbing and clamming require separate licenses or permits, depending on the method and location. Check the DWR website for specific shellfish regulations.

How long does it take to receive a license after purchase?

If you purchase online or via the app, your license is available immediately. If you buy by phone, you’ll receive an email with your license within minutes. In-person purchases provide a paper license on the spot. There is no waiting period.

Are there free fishing days in Virginia?

Yes. The DWR designates two Free Fishing Days each year, typically in June and September. On these days, no license is required for freshwater or saltwater fishing. However, all other regulations (size limits, gear restrictions, etc.) still apply. Check the DWR website for exact dates each year.

Conclusion

Obtaining a fishing license in Virginia is a straightforward, efficient process that connects you to some of the nation’s most diverse and productive fishing waters. Whether you’re a resident enjoying a local river or a visitor exploring the Atlantic coast, the license system ensures that future generations will have the same opportunities you do today.

By following the steps outlined in this guide—determining your residency, selecting the right license, purchasing through official channels, storing your proof properly, and adhering to regulations—you not only remain compliant with state law but also contribute to the long-term health of Virginia’s aquatic ecosystems.

The tools and resources available—from the DWR website and mobile app to fishing clinics and stocking schedules—are designed to make your experience easier, safer, and more rewarding. Use them wisely.

Fishing is more than a pastime; it’s a responsibility. Every license purchased supports habitat conservation, fish population monitoring, and public access improvements. Every regulation followed helps preserve the balance of nature. And every angler who fishes responsibly becomes a steward of Virginia’s natural heritage.

So before you tie on your next lure, cast your next line, or set your next net—make sure you’re licensed. Because the best fishing stories aren’t just about the fish you catch—they’re about the legacy you help protect.