How to Get a Concealed Carry Permit in Virginia

Virginia is one of the most firearm-friendly states in the United States, with robust constitutional carry laws and a streamlined process for obtaining a concealed handgun permit (CHP). Whether you’re a long-time resident, a new mover to the Commonwealth, or someone seeking greater personal protection while traveling, understanding how to obtain a concealed carry permit in Virginia is essential. This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step breakdown of the entire process—from eligibility requirements to application submission and renewal—along with best practices, essential tools, real-world examples, and answers to frequently asked questions. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll have a clear, actionable roadmap to legally carry a concealed firearm in Virginia and in over 30 other states through reciprocity agreements.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Confirm Eligibility Requirements

Before beginning the application process, you must verify that you meet Virginia’s legal criteria for obtaining a concealed handgun permit. Failure to meet any of these requirements will result in automatic denial.

To qualify, you must:

• Be at least 21 years of age
• Be a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident
• Reside in Virginia (or be stationed in Virginia as a member of the U.S. Armed Forces)
• Not have been convicted of a felony or certain misdemeanor crimes, including domestic violence
• Not be subject to a protective order or court order restricting firearm possession
• Not have been adjudicated mentally incompetent or involuntarily committed to a mental institution
• Not be addicted to alcohol or any controlled substance
• Not have been dishonorably discharged from the U.S. Armed Forces

It’s important to note that Virginia does not require a training course to apply for a CHP, but applicants must demonstrate familiarity with firearms. This is typically satisfied by completing a firearms safety course, which is highly recommended and often required by local sheriffs’ offices as part of their internal policies.

Step 2: Complete a Firearms Safety Course (Recommended but Not Mandatory)

While Virginia law does not mandate a formal training course, the vast majority of sheriffs’ offices require applicants to submit proof of firearms competency. This is most commonly fulfilled by completing a certified firearms safety or handling course. These courses are widely available through licensed instructors, gun ranges, and community colleges.

Acceptable training includes:

• NRA Basic Pistol Course
• Virginia State Police-approved concealed carry classes
• Law enforcement or military firearms training
• Other state-certified handgun safety programs

Ensure your certificate includes:

• Your full name
• Date of completion
• Instructor’s name and certification number
• Course title and duration

Keep a copy of the certificate for your records and bring the original to your application appointment. Some sheriffs’ offices may accept a DD-214 form for veterans as proof of training.

Step 3: Gather Required Documentation

Prepare the following documents before scheduling your appointment:

• Valid government-issued photo ID (Virginia driver’s license or state ID)
• Proof of residency (utility bill, lease agreement, or bank statement dated within the last 60 days)
• Original firearms safety course certificate
• Completed Virginia Concealed Handgun Permit Application (Form SP-405)
• Two recent passport-style photographs (2” x 2” with white background)
• Cash, check, or money order for the application fee

The application form, SP-405, is available for download from the Virginia State Police website or can be obtained in person at your local sheriff’s office. Fill it out completely and legibly. Incomplete applications are a leading cause of delays.

Step 4: Schedule an Appointment with Your Local Sheriff’s Office

Virginia concealed carry permits are issued by the sheriff of the county or city where you reside. Each sheriff’s office has its own appointment system. Some allow online scheduling via their official website; others require a phone call or in-person visit.

Do not attempt to walk in without an appointment—most offices do not accept walk-ins for CHP applications. Appointment wait times vary by jurisdiction. Urban areas such as Fairfax or Richmond may have wait times of 2–4 weeks, while rural counties may offer appointments within days.

Before your appointment, call ahead to confirm:

• Accepted payment methods
• Photograph requirements
• Whether you need to bring your firearm for inspection
• Any additional local policies

Step 5: Submit Your Application and Pay the Fee

At your appointment, you’ll submit your completed application, documentation, and photos. The sheriff’s office will collect your fingerprints electronically or via ink-and-paper card. Fingerprints are sent to the Virginia State Police and the FBI for a background check.

The standard application fee is $50, as set by state law. This fee covers processing, background checks, and administrative costs. Some counties may charge an additional $5–$10 for fingerprinting services, but this is not permitted under state statute unless explicitly authorized. If you’re asked to pay more than $50, ask for a breakdown and reference Virginia Code § 18.2-308.

Payment is typically accepted via cash, certified check, or money order. Personal checks are often not accepted.

Step 6: Wait for Processing and Background Check

By law, the sheriff’s office has 45 days from the date of application to approve or deny your permit. In practice, most applications are processed within 30 days. The background check includes:

• Virginia Criminal Information Network (VCIN) records
• National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
• Federal database checks for disqualifying offenses

If your application is flagged for additional review—such as a prior arrest that was dismissed or a name match—you may be contacted for clarification. Respond promptly to any requests for documentation to avoid delays.

Step 7: Receive Your Permit

If approved, you’ll receive your concealed handgun permit by mail. The permit is valid for five years from the date of issuance. It includes:

• Your photograph
• Your signature
• Your unique permit number
• Expiration date
• Issuing sheriff’s office seal

Upon receipt, review the permit immediately for accuracy. If any information is incorrect—such as your name, address, or birth date—contact the issuing sheriff’s office immediately to correct the error. Do not carry a permit with incorrect information.

Step 8: Understand Where You Can and Cannot Carry

Once you have your permit, you may carry a concealed handgun in most public places in Virginia, including restaurants, parks, and government buildings (unless otherwise prohibited by law). However, there are critical restrictions:

• Prohibited areas include courthouses, federal buildings, schools, and airports (beyond security checkpoints)
• Private property owners may prohibit firearms on their premises by posting signage (Virginia Code § 18.2-308)
• Bars and establishments where alcohol is the primary revenue source are off-limits if you intend to consume alcohol
• Some state parks and wildlife management areas allow concealed carry, but check local regulations

Always respect “No Firearms” signs—even if they are not legally enforceable in all contexts, ignoring them can lead to trespassing charges or loss of permit privileges.

Step 9: Renew Your Permit

Virginia concealed carry permits expire after five years. Renewal is simpler than the initial application. You must:

• Submit a renewal application (Form SP-405R) before expiration
• Pay a $50 renewal fee
• Provide proof of continued eligibility
• Complete a renewal firearms competency form (if required by your sheriff’s office)

Renewal applications can be submitted up to 90 days before expiration. Applications submitted after expiration require a new application and full fee. There is no grace period—carrying with an expired permit is illegal.

Best Practices

1. Always Carry Your Permit and Photo ID

Virginia law requires you to carry your concealed handgun permit and a government-issued photo ID at all times when carrying a concealed firearm. Failure to do so is a Class 1 misdemeanor, punishable by up to 12 months in jail and a $2,500 fine. Even if you’re stopped by law enforcement for a minor traffic violation, you are legally obligated to disclose that you are carrying and present your permit upon request.

2. Understand Reciprocity Before Traveling

Virginia’s concealed carry permit is honored in over 30 other states, including Florida, Texas, North Carolina, and Georgia. However, reciprocity is not universal. States like California, New York, and Illinois do not recognize Virginia permits. Before traveling, consult the Virginia State Police reciprocity map or use a reputable app like USCCA’s Reciprocity Guide to verify your legal status in each state.

Also remember: even in reciprocal states, you must follow that state’s laws regarding where you can carry, how you can transport firearms, and whether open carry is permitted.

3. Keep Your Permit Secure and Accessible

Store your permit in a waterproof, durable holder. Avoid keeping it in your wallet with credit cards—it can wear out or become illegible. Many permit holders use a small plastic sleeve attached to their keychain or inside their wallet. Always have a digital copy saved on your phone as a backup, but know that digital copies are not legally sufficient—only the original paper permit is valid.

4. Stay Informed About Legal Changes

Virginia’s firearm laws are subject to change. In recent years, the state has expanded reciprocity, eliminated the requirement for training (though local offices still require it), and updated background check procedures. Subscribe to the Virginia State Police website newsletter or follow reputable firearm advocacy groups like the Virginia Citizens Defense League (VCDL) for timely updates.

5. Practice Safe Handling and Storage

Having a permit doesn’t absolve you of responsibility. Always treat every firearm as loaded. Store your weapon securely when not in use—preferably in a locked safe or with a trigger lock. Virginia law requires firearms to be stored securely if a minor has access to the premises. Negligent storage can result in criminal liability if a child gains access to an unsecured firearm.

6. Avoid Alcohol When Carrying

While Virginia law does not explicitly prohibit carrying while under the influence, it is illegal to carry while intoxicated. The legal blood alcohol limit for drivers is 0.08%, but law enforcement may consider you impaired at much lower levels. If you plan to consume alcohol, leave your firearm at home. The consequences of a DUI with a firearm can include loss of permit, felony charges, and permanent loss of gun rights.

7. Document Your Training and Carry History

Keep a personal log of your training dates, ranges visited, and any defensive use scenarios (even if hypothetical). This documentation can be invaluable if you ever need to defend your competency in court or during a permit renewal review. It also reinforces responsible behavior and builds confidence.

Tools and Resources

Official State Resources

• Virginia State Police – Concealed Handgun Permits: vsp.virginia.gov/Concealed-Handgun-Permits – The primary source for application forms, FAQs, reciprocity maps, and legal statutes.
• Virginia Code Title 18.2 – Chapter 11: Accessible via law.lis.virginia.gov – Contains the full text of concealed carry laws, including disqualifying offenses and penalties.
• Virginia Sheriffs’ Association Directory: Find contact information for your local sheriff’s office at virginiasheriffs.org.

Training and Education Platforms

• NRA Firearms Training: Offers certified courses nationwide. Visit nra.org/instructors to locate an instructor near you.
• USCCA (United States Concealed Carry Association): Provides online courses, legal defense resources, and state-specific guides. Membership includes access to expert attorneys and training discounts.
• Local Gun Ranges: Most ranges in Virginia offer concealed carry classes. Call ahead to confirm course content and certification validity.

Mobile Applications

• USCCA Reciprocity Guide: Real-time updates on which states honor Virginia permits and their specific restrictions.
• Concealed Carry HQ: Interactive map, legal alerts, and news on concealed carry laws.
• MyConcealedCarry: Digital permit storage, renewal reminders, and local law summaries.

Legal Support and Advocacy Groups

• Virginia Citizens Defense League (VCDL): Nonprofit organization focused on protecting Second Amendment rights. Offers legal updates, lobbying efforts, and educational seminars. Visit vcdl.org.
• Second Amendment Foundation: National organization providing legal resources and litigation support for gun owners.

Firearm Accessories and Storage

• Gun safes: Recommended brands include Liberty Safe, Stack-On, and Barska. Look for UL-rated fireproof safes for home storage.
• Trigger locks: Simple, inexpensive devices that prevent accidental discharge. Required by law if children are present.
• Concealed carry holsters: Choose a holster that provides retention, comfort, and quick access. Kydex and leather are popular materials. Brands like Galco, Blackhawk, and Raven Concealment are widely trusted.

Real Examples

Example 1: Sarah, a Teacher in Fairfax County

Sarah, a 34-year-old public school teacher, decided to apply for a concealed carry permit after a series of break-ins near her neighborhood. She completed the NRA Basic Pistol course at her local gun range, which took four hours over two evenings. She gathered her driver’s license, proof of residency (a recent electric bill), and her training certificate. She scheduled an appointment with the Fairfax County Sheriff’s Office and paid the $50 fee. Her fingerprints were taken electronically, and she received her permit by mail 22 days later. Sarah now carries daily when commuting to work and during weekend errands. She keeps her permit in a dedicated holder on her keychain and reviews Virginia’s carry laws quarterly.

Example 2: James, a Military Veteran in Roanoke

James, a 42-year-old Army veteran, moved to Roanoke after his discharge. He had completed extensive firearms training during his service and submitted his DD-214 form as proof of competency. He applied through the Roanoke City Sheriff’s Office and was approved within 18 days. James carries his Glock 19 daily and uses the USCCA Reciprocity Guide to plan road trips to North Carolina and Tennessee. He also attends VCDL monthly meetings to stay informed on legislative changes.

Example 3: Maria, a College Student in Blacksburg

Maria, a 23-year-old graduate student at Virginia Tech, applied for her permit after being assaulted on campus. She completed a state-approved concealed carry course offered by the university’s community education program. Because she was under 25 and a new resident, she had to provide additional documentation for residency verification. Her application was delayed by 10 days due to a clerical error in her name spelling. She corrected it promptly and received her permit 35 days after submission. Maria now carries a compact revolver and has enrolled in a defensive tactics class to complement her permit.

Example 4: Denied Application – John in Henrico County

John, 45, applied for a concealed carry permit after a 2015 misdemeanor DUI. Although the charge was over five years old, Virginia law disqualifies individuals with certain alcohol-related offenses within the past five years. His application was denied. He appealed the decision and was advised to wait until the 5-year window had fully passed. He waited another 8 months and reapplied successfully. This example underscores the importance of understanding disqualifying offenses—even if they seem minor or old.

FAQs

Can I carry a concealed firearm in Virginia without a permit?

As of July 1, 2020, Virginia enacted constitutional carry, meaning individuals 21 and older who are legally allowed to possess a firearm may carry a concealed handgun without a permit. However, a concealed handgun permit (CHP) is still highly recommended because it allows you to carry in states that recognize Virginia’s permit through reciprocity. It also provides legal clarity and may reduce scrutiny during law enforcement encounters.

How long does it take to get a concealed carry permit in Virginia?

By law, the process must be completed within 45 days. Most applicants receive their permit in 20 to 35 days, depending on the sheriff’s office workload and background check complexity.

Do I need to take a class to get a concealed carry permit in Virginia?

State law does not require a class, but most sheriffs’ offices require proof of firearms competency, which is typically obtained through a certified course. Skipping training may result in application denial.

Can I carry in restaurants that serve alcohol?

Yes, as long as you are not consuming alcohol. Virginia law prohibits carrying a concealed firearm while under the influence of alcohol or in establishments where alcohol sales constitute the primary source of revenue (e.g., bars). Restaurants with a full menu and bar service are generally permitted.

What if I move to another county in Virginia?

You must notify your new county’s sheriff’s office of your change of address. Your permit remains valid, but you may need to update your information. Some counties require a small fee for address changes.

Can I renew my permit online?

Some counties offer online renewal, but most require in-person submission of documents and payment. Check with your issuing sheriff’s office for options.

Is my Virginia permit valid in Washington D.C.?

No. Washington D.C. does not recognize any out-of-state concealed carry permits. Carrying a firearm in D.C. without a local permit is illegal and carries severe penalties.

Can I carry a concealed firearm on college campuses?

Yes, since 2020, Virginia law permits concealed carry on public college and university campuses, unless specifically prohibited by federal law or in certain restricted areas like dormitories, child care centers, or athletic facilities. Always check your institution’s policy.

What happens if I lose my permit?

Contact your issuing sheriff’s office immediately to report the loss. You can apply for a replacement permit for a $10 fee. Carry a copy of your original application or training certificate as backup until you receive the new one.

Can non-residents get a Virginia concealed carry permit?

Yes, if you are a member of the U.S. Armed Forces stationed in Virginia or a resident of a state that has reciprocity with Virginia and you maintain a residence in Virginia. Non-residents who do not reside in Virginia are generally not eligible.

Are there restrictions on the type of firearm I can carry?

No. Virginia law does not restrict caliber, magazine capacity, or firearm type for concealed carry permit holders. However, certain firearms (e.g., machine guns, short-barreled rifles) are regulated under federal law and require additional licensing.

Conclusion

Obtaining a concealed carry permit in Virginia is a straightforward, legally protected right for responsible adults. While constitutional carry now allows some to carry without a permit, the value of a concealed handgun permit extends far beyond state lines. It provides legal recognition across dozens of states, enhances credibility with law enforcement, and demonstrates a commitment to firearm safety and preparedness.

This guide has walked you through every critical step—from verifying eligibility and completing training to submitting your application, navigating the background check, and maintaining compliance after issuance. You’ve learned best practices for safe carry, explored essential tools and resources, and seen how real individuals successfully obtained their permits.

Remember: a permit is not just a piece of plastic—it’s a privilege that comes with responsibility. Stay informed, train regularly, respect the law, and always prioritize safety. Whether you’re carrying for personal protection, outdoor recreation, or peace of mind, Virginia’s concealed carry system is designed to support lawful, responsible gun owners. Follow these steps, and you’ll be legally and confidently prepared to exercise your Second Amendment rights.